Hardy spaces on \(\mathbb R^{n}\) with pointwise variable anisotropy (Q650092)

The article is devoted to real Hardy spaces \(H^p\) with \(0<p\leq 1\) that are not as well-investigated as for the case \(p>1\). The authors propose an approach that, in particular, yields a generalization of the special form of \(H^p\) spaces studied by \textit{M.~Bownik} [``Anisotropic Hardy spaces and wavelets'', Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 781 (2003; Zbl 1036.42020)], where the Euclidean balls are replaced by images of the unit ball by powers of a fixed expansion matrix. The authors generalize Bownik's spaces by constructing Hardy spaces \(H^p\left(\Theta\right)\), \(0<p\leq 1\), over ellipsoid multi-level covers \(\Theta\), where the anisotropy may change rapidly from point to point. Section~2 of the article is devoted to the description of anisotropic ellipsoid covers of \({\mathbb R}^n\). In Section~3, the Hardy spaces are defined by using anisotropic maximal functions. In Section~4, the authors introduce the atomic Hardy spaces and prove the equivalence of two definitions. Finally, in Section~5, it is proven that two anisotropic Hardy spaces \(H^p\left(\Theta_1\right)\) and \(H^p\left(\Theta_2\right)\) are equivalent if and only if the quasi distances induced by the covers \(\Theta_1\) and \(\Theta_2\) are equivalent. In particular, it is deduced that the class of anisotropic Hardy spaces constructed contains and is strictly bigger than the class investigated by M.~Bownik. Furthermore, the spaces \(\mathop{\text{BMO}}\left(\Theta\right)\) are also investigated. These spaces are the dual spaces of \(H^1\left(\Theta\right)\). The article is a comprehensive investigation of the spaces introduced. Not only the approach proposed looks very interesting, but the article also contains several useful tools that can be used for further developing of analysis in these spaces. The bibliography reflects several approaches and results that have been obtained in this area since 1970's. The paper should be interesting for specialists in harmonic analysis and functional analysis.