On the order of approximation by Riesz means in multiplicative systems in the classes \(E_{X}[\varepsilon ]\) (Q650452)

The article is devoted to approximation of functions from several spaces by elements of a Vilenkin system \(\left\{\chi_k(x)\right\}_{k=0}^\infty\) that is orthonormal and complete in \(L^1\left[0,1\right)\). The spaces involved are \(L^p\left[0,1\right)\), \(1\leq p\leq\infty\), \(C^*\left[0,1\right)\), \textbf{P}-adic Hardy space \(H\left(\mathbf P,\left[0,1\right)\right)\), \(MC_p\left[0,1\right)\), \(1<p<\infty\). In the sequel, \(X\) (or \(X\left[0,1\right)\)) will denote one of these spaces. We also need the following notations: \[ {\mathcal P}_n=\left\{\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}a_k\chi_k:\,a_k\in{\mathbb C}\right\};\quad E_n\left(f\right)_X=\inf\left\{\left\|f-t_n\right\|_X:\,t_n\in{\mathcal P}_n\right\}; \] for a given positive decreasing sequence \(\varepsilon=\left\{\varepsilon_n\right\}_{n=1}^\infty\) convergent to zero, \[ E_X\left(\varepsilon\right)=\left\{f\in X\left[0,1\right):\,E_n\left(f\right)_X\leq\varepsilon_n,\,n\in{\mathbb N}\right\}. \] In case \(X=L^p\), the notations \(E_n\left(f\right)_p\) and \(E_p\left(\varepsilon\right)\) are used instead. The author obtained the exact order of approximation by Riesz means \[ z_{n,k}\left(f\right)\left(x\right)=\widehat{f}\left(0\right)+ \sum_{i=1}^n\left(1-\frac{i^k}{n^k}\right)\widehat{f}\left(i\right)\chi_i\left(x\right),\quad k,n\in{\mathbb N}, \] in the metric of \(MC_p\left[0,1\right)\) or \(C^*\left[0,1\right)\) for functions from the classes \(E_p\left(\varepsilon\right)\) or \(E_H\left(\varepsilon\right)\) under certain assumptions on the sequence \(\varepsilon\). Furthermore, the order of the quantity \[ \sup\left\{\left\|f-z_{n,k}\left(f\right)\right\|_X:\,f\in E_X\left(\varepsilon\right)\right\} \] for the spaces \(L^p\left[0,1\right)\), \(1<p\leq\infty\), and \(H\left({\mathbf P},\left[0,1\right)\right)\) is determined. Let us cite one of the results obtained. Suppose that \(1<p<\infty\), \(r\geq 0\), \(k\in{\mathbb N}\) and \(\left\{\varepsilon_n\right\}_{n=1}^\infty\) is a sequence decreasing to zero such that \[ \sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{r+1/p-1}\varepsilon_n<\infty. \] Then any function \(f\in E_p\left(\varepsilon\right)\) is equivalent to \(g\in W^rMC_p\left[0,1\right)\) and \[ \sup\left\{\left\{I^{\left(r\right)}g-z_{n,k}\left(I^{\left(r\right)}g\right)\right\|_{MC_p}:\, f\in E_p\left(\varepsilon\right)\right\}\asymp\sum_{i=n+1}^\infty i^{r+1/p-1}\varepsilon_i+ n^{-k}\sum_{i=1}^n i^{k+r+1/p-1}\varepsilon_i. \] Here, \(I^{\left(r\right)}g\) denotes the strong derivative of \(g\) of order \(r\) in corresponding space. The article also contains several useful estimates in the section of preliminary results. The reader can also find some unsolved problems posted in the article. An extended bibliography reflects several results obtained in the area. The article should be interesting for specialists in harmonic analysis and approximation theory.