The \(L^{2}\)-convergence of the Legendre spectral tau matrix formulation for nonlinear fractional integro differential equations (Q652332)

The authors study the spectral tau numerical solution of a class of nonlinear fractional integro-differential equations (FIDE) of the form \[ \sum^{N}_{i=0}q_{i}(t)\mathcal{D}^{\alpha_{i}}_{C}y(t)=F\left(t, y, \int^{t}_{0}K(t, y(s)\,ds\right),\quad t\in [0, 1], ~\alpha_{i}\in Q^{+}-N,\eqno{(\ast)} \] with suitable given initial (boundary or mixed) conditions. The given functions \( f, q_{i}:[0, 1]\rightarrow \mathbb R\) and \( K:S\rightarrow \mathbb R, \) where \( S=\{(t,s): 0\leq s\leq t \leq 1\} \) are assumed to be sufficiently smooth and \( \alpha_{i}\) are parameters describing the order of the fractional derivative. In \((\ast)\), the fractional derivative is considered in the sense of Caputo which is given by \[ \mathcal{D}^{\alpha}_{C}y(t) = \frac{1}{\Gamma(m-\alpha)}\int ^{t}_{0}(t-x)^{m-\alpha -1}y^{(m)}(x) dx,\quad m-1<\alpha<m,\,m\in N. \] The operational tau method is employed to obtain the approximate solution of \((\ast)\). The unique solvability of the linear tau algebraic system is discussed. A rigorous convergence analysis for the Legendre tau method is provided. This indicates that the proposed method converges exponentially provided that the data in the given FIDE are smooth. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the methods discussed.