On the asymptotic maximal density of a set avoiding solutions to linear equations modulo a prime (Q653939)

Let \(L(x)=\sum_1^tc_ix_i\) be a linear form with nonzero integer coefficients. A subset \(A\) of an Abelian group \(G\) is said to be \(L\)-free if there is no \(x\in A^t\) such that \(L(x)=0.\) Let \(\mathcal F\) be a family of linear forms. \(A\) is said to be \(\mathcal F\)-free if it is \(L\)-free for every \(L\in\mathcal F.\) Let, for a prime \(p,\) \(\mathbb{Z}_p=\mathbb Z\slash p\mathbb Z.\) For a given \(\mathcal F\) let \[ d_\mathcal F(\mathbb{Z}_p)=\max\{| A| \slash p\mid A\subset\mathbb Z_p\text{ and \(A\) is \(\mathcal F\)-free}\}. \] Similarly, for a compact Abelian group \(G\) with normalized Haar measure \(\mu\) and a given set \(\mathcal F\) of linear forms one puts \[ d_\mathcal F(G)=\sup\{\mu(A)\mid A\subset G\text{ is measurable and \(\mathcal F\)-free}\}. \] The main result of the paper is the following (Theorem 1.3). Let \(\mathcal F\) be a finite set of linear forms, each in at least three variables. Then \(d_\mathcal F(\mathbb Z_p)\to d_\mathcal F(\mathbb T)\) as \(p\to\infty\) over primes, where \(\mathbb T\) stands for the one-dimensional torus \(\mathbb R\slash\mathbb Z.\) The limit in the above theorem is \(0\) for any family \(\mathcal F\) containing a translation-invariant form (i.e. for \(\sum_1^tc_ix_i\) with \(\sum_1^tc_i=0\)). The authors prove (Proposition 1.4) that if \(\mathcal F\) is a finite family of non-invariant linear forms, each in at least three variables, then \(\lim_pd_\mathcal F(\mathbb Z_p)=d_\mathcal F(\mathbb T)>0.\)