On the coexistence of convergence and divergence phenomena for integral averages and an application to the Fourier-Haar series (Q6548012)

Let \(\mathcal{F}\) be a differentiation basis on \(\mathbb{R}^2\) consisting of half-closed axis-parallel rectangles. For \(f\in L^1(\mathbb{R}^2)\) and \(z\in\mathbb{R}^2\) let \[d_{\mathcal{F}}(z,f):=\limsup_{\substack{\text{diam}(R) \\ z\in R\in\mathcal{F}}}\left\vert \frac{1}{\mu(R)}\int_R f d(x,y) - f(z)\right\vert .\] (Here \(\mu(R)\) denotes the Lebesgue measure of \(R\).) The function \(f\in L^1(\mathbb{R}^2)\) is said to be differentiable at a point \(z\) with respect to the basis \(\mathcal{F}\) provided if \(\delta_{\mathcal{F}}(z,f)=0\). \par For an infinite subset \(C\subset\mathbb{N}\) let \(\mathcal{F}_C\) denote the differentiation basis consisting of all dyadic rectangles in \([0, 1)^2\) of the form \[R_{n,m}(i,j):= \left[\frac{i-1}{2^n},\frac{i}{2^n}\right)\times \left[\frac{j-1}{2^m},\frac{j}{2^m}\right),\] where \(n,m\in C\), \(1\le i\le 2^{n}\), and \(1\le j\le 2^m\). \par Now, let \(C,D\) be two disjoint infinite subsets of \(\mathbb{N}\), and let \(\mathcal{F}_C\) and \(\mathcal{F}_D\) be the corresponding bases. Authors show that the following conditions are equivalent.\par -- There exists a function \(f\in L^1([0,1)^2)\), with \(f\ge 0\), such that for almost every \(z\in [0,1)^2\) we have: \(\delta_{\mathcal{F}_C}(z,f)=0\), and \(\delta_{\mathcal{F}_D}(z,f)=\infty\).\par-- \(\sup_{n\in D}\text{dist}(n,C)=\infty\).\par Next, they apply this result to the two-dimensional Fourier-Haar series and characterize convergent and divergent sub-indices.