Sharp weighted estimates for classical operators (Q655346)

The authors give a general method in dyadic Calderón-Zygmund theory to prove sharp one- and two-weight norm inequalities for some of the classical operators of harmonic analysis such as the Hilbert transform, Riesz transforms, the Beurling-Ahlfors operator, the maximal singular integrals associated to these operators, the dyadic square function, and the vector-valued maximal operator. In the one-weight case, they prove the sharp dependence on the \(A_p\) constant by finding the best value for the exponent \(\alpha(p)\) such that \[ \|Tf\|_{L^p(w)}\leq C_{n,T}[w]_{A_p}^{\alpha(p)}\|f\|_{L^p(w)}. \] Here, \(A_p\) is the Muckenhoupt weight class and \([w]_{A_p}\) is the \(A_p\) constant of the weight \(w\). For the Hilbert and Riesz transforms and the Beurling-Ahlfors operator, the sharp value of \(\alpha(p)\) was given by Petermichl and Volberg (\(\alpha(p)=\max(1,1/(p-1)\)), using approximations by the dyadic Haar shift operator, Bellman function techniques and two-weight norm inequalities. The authors use dyadic approximation but avoid Bellman functions and two-weight norm inequalities by applying a recent technique due to A.\,Lerner to estimate the oscillation of dyadic operators. Their proof is a straightforward one of the dependence on the \(A_p\) constant for any operator that can be approximated by Haar shift operators. In particular, they provide a unified approach for the Hilbert and Riesz transforms, the Beurling-Ahlfors operator, dyadic paraproducts and Haar multipliers. Also, they solve the open problem of sharp dependence for the dyadic square function and the vector-valued Hardy-Littlewood maximal function. Here, the Haar shift operator is defined as follows. Let \(\Delta\) be the set of all dyadic cubes in \(\mathbb R^n\). A~Haar function on a cube \(Q\in \Delta\) is defined to be a function \(h_Q\) such that (a) \(\text{supp }h_Q\subset Q\); (b) if \(Q'\in \Delta\) and \(Q'\subset Q\), then \(h_Q\) is constant on \(Q'\); (c) \(\|h_Q\|_\infty\leq |Q|^{-1/2}\); (d) \(\int_Q h_Q(x)\,dx=0\). Given an integer \(\tau\geq0\), a Haar shift operator of index \(\tau\) is an operator of the form \[ H_\tau f(x) = \sum_{Q\in\Delta} \sum _{\substack{ Q',Q''\in\Delta, \\ Q',Q''\subset Q, \\ 2^{-\tau n}|Q|\leq|Q'|,|Q''|}} a_{Q',Q''}\langle f, h_{Q'}\rangle h_{Q''}(x), \] where \(a_{Q',Q''}\) is a constant such that \[ |a_{Q',Q''}|\leq C(|Q'|/|Q|)^{1/2} (|Q''|/|Q|)^{1/2}. \] The authors also give the corresponding results for the two-weight case.