Modules, completely positive maps, and a generalized KSGNS construction (Q655983)

The authors present a more general KSGNS type dilation theorem in the context of right (non-necessarily Hilbert) modules over \(C^*\)-algebras. A Hilbert \(C^*\)-module \(E\) over a \(C^*\)-algebra \(A\) is a right \(A\)-module together with an inner product \(\langle\cdot|\cdot\rangle:E\times E\rightarrow A\) such that \(E\) is complete with the norm \(\|v\|:=\sqrt{\langle v|v\rangle}\). Given unital \(C^*\)-algebras \(A\), \(B\) and a completely positive map \(\rho:A\rightarrow \mathcal{L}(E)\) between \(A\) and the \(C^*\)-algebra of the adjointable \(A\)-linear operators of the Hilbert \(B\)-module \(E\), then the \textit{KSGNS} (Kasparov, Stinespring, Gelfand, Naimark, Segal) construction associated to \(\rho\) is a \(*\)-homomorphism \(\pi:A\rightarrow \mathcal{L}(F)\) for a Hilbert \(C^*\)-module \(F\) over \(B\), and \(V\in \mathcal{L}(E,F)\) such that \[ \rho(a)=V^*\pi(a)V \] for every \(a\in A\), and \(\pi(A)V(E)\) is dense in \(F\). This construction was proved to exist and to be unique up to unitary equivalence. Observe that if \(B=\mathbb{C}\) (so that \(E\) is a Hilbert space) then the KSGNS construction reduces to the famous Stinespring dilation theorem. Given a \(C^*\)-algebra \(A\) and any right \(A\)-module \(V\) we define by \(S_A(V)\) the set of all \(A\)-sesquilinear maps \(V\times V\rightarrow A\). An element \((s_{i,j})\in M_n(S_A(V))\) is called positive if and only if the matrix \((s_{i,j}(v_i,v_j))\in M_n(A)\) is positive for every \(v_1,\ldots,v_n\in V\). The authors provide in Theorem 4.3 a generalization of the above KSGNS construction in the following context: Given two unital \(C^*\)-algebras \(A\), \(B\), a right \(A\)-module \(V\) and a completely positive map \(E:B\rightarrow S_A(V)\), there exist a Hilbert \(C^*\)-module \(M\) over \(A\), a unital \(*\)-homomorphism \(\pi:B\rightarrow \mathcal{L}(M)\) and an element \(J\in\mathrm{Lin}_A(V,M)\) such that \[ E(b)(v,v')=\langle J(v)|\pi(b)Jv'\rangle \] for every \(v,v'\in V\), and \(\text{span}_{\mathbb{C}}\{\pi(b)J(v)|b\in B,v\in V\}\) is dense in \(M\). The triple \((M,\pi,J)\) is called a minimal dilation for \(E\), and they also prove that it is unique up to unitary equivalence. The proof uses a Kolmogorov type decompositions for positive-definite kernels with values in spaces of sesquilinears maps (Theorem 3.3). The case where the coefficient \(C^*\)-algebra has no unit causes extra difficulties which they address by resorting to the double dual von Neumann algebra \(A^{**}\) (Corollary 4.7). At the end of the paper they prove in the context of modules and sesquilinear maps an extension of the fact already shown by Stinespring that for a commutative domain positivity implies complete positivity (Theorem 5.2).