The Gauss-Bonnet formula on surfaces with densities (Q656046)

It is well-known that the Gauss-Bonnet formula provides an intrinsic definition of the Gauss curvature \(G\) of a surface at a point \(p\) by considering \(\epsilon\)-balls \(B_\epsilon\) of area \(A\) about \(p\) and taking a limit as \(\epsilon\) approaches \(0\): \(G(p)=\frac1A\int_{B_\epsilon}G=\lim\frac1A(2\pi-\int_{\partial B_\epsilon}\kappa)\). Here, \(\kappa\) denotes the geodesic curvature of the curve \(\partial B_\epsilon\). The authors study what happens to the Gauss-Bonnet formula under some simple intrinsic alterations of the surface. The most common alteration is a conformal change of metric. More generally, one can weight arc length and area by unrelated densities: \(ds=\delta_1ds_0\), \(dA=\delta_2dA_0\).