Implicit linear difference equation over residue class rings (Q6561511)

Let \(A, B, Y_0 \in \mathbb{Z}_m\) and let \(\{F_n\}_{n=0}^\infty\) be a sequence in the ring \(\mathbb{Z}_m=\mathbb{Z}/m \mathbb{Z}\). Consider the initial problem\N\[\NBX_{n+1} = AX_n + F_n ,\N\]\Nwith the initial condition \N\[\NX_0 = Y_0 .\N\]\NIf \(B\) is a non-invertible element of \(\mathbb{Z}_m\), then the equation is called implicit. Otherwise, this equation is called explicit.\N\NA sequence \(\{X_n\}_{n=0}^\infty\) of elements of \(\mathbb{Z}_m\) is called a solution of the initial problem if it satisfies both the equation and the initial condition.\N\NIn one of the results in the article, the authors prove that if the greatest common divisor of \(A, B, m\) is equal to 1, then the given equation is decomposed into an explicit equation and an implicit equation, which has a unique solution (see Lemmas 2.1, 2.2 and Theorem 2.1).\N\NThe authors prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability, derive a number of particular solutions and the general solution for the initial problem, and also give the full description of all possible situations for the initial problem (see Theorems 3.1 and 3.2).\N\NThe paper ends with examples, which illustrate the theoretical results.