Lyapunov stability of the Basener-Ross system (Q6565882)

This paper considers the Basener-Ross system with time-dependent coefficients: \N\[\N\left\{ \begin{aligned} &x'(t) = v(t) x(t) (1 - \frac{x(t)}{k}) - h y(t),\\\N&y'(t) = \theta y(t) (1 - \frac{y(t)}{x(t)} \end{aligned} \right. \tag{1}\N\]\Nwhere \(v: \mathbb{R} \mapsto (0, +\infty)\) is a \(T\)-periodic function, \(T> 0\). The authors introduce a transformation so that the above equation can be transformed into a second-order Newtonian equation \N\[\Nu''(t) + p(t) u'(t) + \frac{\beta(t)}{\gamma} u^{\gamma+1}(t) - \frac{q(t)}{\gamma}u(t) = 0, \tag{2}\N\]\Nwhere \N\[\Np(t) = \theta + v(t) - 2 h, q(t) = \theta (v(t) - h), \alpha = 2 - \frac{h}{\theta}, \beta(t) = \frac{\theta v(t)}{k}. \N\]\NA positive periodic solution of Eq. (2) corresponds to a positive periodic solution of system (1).\N\NThis paper first studies the existence of the positive periodic solutions of Eq. (2) and obtains explicit bounds. Next, applying the stability criterion of damped equations and the third-order approximation method developed by Ortega, the authors prove that the positive periodic solutions of Eq. (2) are of twist type. Such twist periodic solutions are stable in the sense of Lyapunov. Finally, the authors analyze the stability of the positive periodic solutions of system (1).