On \(r\)-isogenies over \(\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_r)\) of elliptic curves with rational \(j\)-invariants (Q6577501)

Let \(r\) be an odd prime. The author investigates the conditions under which an elliptic curve \(E\) defined over \(\mathbb{Q}\) admits an \(r\)-isogeny over the cyclotomic field \(\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_r)\). This question is strictly connected to modularity problems and has direct application in the Darmon program for solving generalised Fermat equations. By investigating the reducibility of the associated mod \(r\) Galois representations and their subgroup structures, the author provides a (rather detailed) classification of elliptic curves that admit such isogenies. As usual in such investigations, the author distinguishes between curves with and without complex multiplication (CM) and offers criteria expressed in the terms of the \(j\)-invariant of the considered curve. Under certain additional assumptions on the 2-torsion structure of the curve \(E\), some additional results concerning surjectivity of an associated mod \(r\) Galois representation are obtained. The proofs of the results rely on a mix of theoretical arguments and computations with Magma.