Global dynamics of a nonlocal reaction-diffusion-advection two-species phytoplankton model (Q6583758)

This paper concerns the global dynamics of a nonlocal reaction-diffusion-advection system:\N\[\N\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_t=D_1u_{xx}-\alpha_1 u_x+[g_1(I(x, t))-d_1]u, & \hbox{\(0<x<L\), \(t>0\),} \\\Nv_t=D_2 v_{xx}-\alpha_2 v_x+[g_2(I(x, t))-d_2]v, & \hbox{\(0<x<L\), \(t>0\),} \\\ND_1u_x(x, t)-\alpha_1u(x, t)=0, & \hbox{\(x=0, L\), \(t>0\),} \\\ND_2v_x(x, t)-\alpha_2v(x, t)=0, & \hbox{\(x=0, L\), \(t>0\),} \\\Nu(x, 0)=u_0(x)\geq, \not\equiv 0, & \hbox{\(0\leq x\leq L\),} \\\Nv(x, 0)=v_0(x)\geq, \not\equiv 0, & \hbox{\(0\leq x\leq L\).} \end{array} \right.\N\]\NThis model is used to describe the growth of phytoplankton species in a eutrophic vertical water column, where the species depend solely on light for their metabolism. More precisely, \(u(x,t), v(x,t)\) denote the population density of the phytoplankton species at depth \(x\) and time \(t\), respectively. For \(i = 1,2\), \(D_i\) is the diffusion coefficient, \(\alpha_i\) is the sinking (\(\alpha_i>0\)) or buoyant (\(\alpha_i<0\)) velocity, \(d_i\) is the death rate, \(g_i(I)\) represents the specific growth rate of phytoplankton species as a function of light intensity \(I(x, t)\). By the Lambert-Beer law, \(I(x, t)\) satisfies\N\[\NI(x, t)=I_0 \exp\left(-k_0x-\int_0^x [k_1u(s, t)+k_2v(s, t)]ds\right),\N\]\Nwhere \(I_0>0\) is the incident light intensity, \(k_0>0\) is the background turbidity that summarizes light absorption by all non-phytoplankton components, and \(k_1\) and \(k_2\) are the absorption coefficients of the phytoplankton species.\N\NIn previous works, it was proved that the system generates a strongly monotone dynamical system with respect to a non-standard cone, which overcomes the main difficulty that the system does not preserve the competitive order due to the nonlocal nature of the nonlinearity. In this paper, the authors study the effects of diffusion and advection on the global dynamics of the system; it is proved that there exist two critical values for advection rates \(\alpha^{**}_1\) and \(\alpha^{**}_2\) to distinguish competition exclusion or coexistence. This highlights that advection in dispersal strategy can lead to transitions between various competitive outcomes.