Cremona maps defined by monomials (Q659913)

Let \(k[x]=k[x_1,\dots,x_n]\) be the polynomial ring over a field \(k\). In the present paper the authors consider subsets \(F=\{M_1,\dots, M_q\}\subset k[x]\) where \(M_1,\dots, M_q\) are unitary monomials of degree \(d\geq 1\), without common factors and such that each indeterminate \(x_i\) appears in some \(M_j\); it corresponds to consider sets of ``exponents'' \(\{v_1,\dots, v_q\}\) where \(v_j=(v_{1j},\dots, v_{nj})\) for suitable nonnegative integers \(v_{ij}\), that is, \(M_j={x}^{v_j}=x_1^{v_{1j}}\cdots x_n^{v_{nj}}\). The aim of the paper is to study \(F\) in the case where its elements define the locus scheme of a Cremona transformation of \({\mathbb P}^{n-1}\) or, in other words, when \(q=n\) and the rational map \({\mathbb P}^{n-1}\dashrightarrow{\mathbb P}^{n-1}\) defined (up to permuting the \(M_i'\)s) by \(x\mapsto (M_1({x}):\cdots:M_n({ x}))\) is birational; as it is noted in that work the inverse of such a map is also defined by a set of monomials, denoted here by \(F^{-1}\). The first part of the paper (\S 2 and \S 3) is devoted to the case \(d=2\). In this case, to give \(F\) is equivalent to give a subgraph \(G_F\) of the graph whose vertices and edges are, respectively, the indeterminates \(x_1,\dots, x_n\) and the binomials \(x_ix_j\), for all \(i,j\). On one hand, Proposition 3.4 characterizes the fact that the ideal generated by \(F\) is linearly presented in terms of \(G_F\). On the other hand, Theorem 3.5 gives a formula to compute the degree of the map associated to \(F^{-1}\) in terms of the degree related to \(F\) and suitable invariants of \(G_F\). As an application, the last results in \S 3 give a description of monomial (birational) involutions of degree \(2\) in \({\mathbb P}^{n-1}\) which come from sets of unitary monomials. In the second part of the paper it is proven that a set of monomials \(\{M_1,\dots, M_q\}\) as above contains a subset which defines a Cremona transformation if the set of related exponents \(\{v_1,\dots, v_q\}\) generate a \({\mathbb Z}\)-module of rank \(n\) and \(\{(v_1,1),\dots, (v_q,1)\}\) is a Hilbert basis for the polyhedral cone in \({\mathbb R}^{n+1}\) generated by this set (Theorem 4.7 and Corollary 4.8 in the paper).