A KAM scheme for SL(2, \(\mathbb R\)) cocycles with Liouvillean frequencies (Q659929)

From the author's introduction: In this paper we are concerned with analytic quasiperiodic \(\operatorname{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})\) cocycles in one frequency. Those are linear skew-products \[ (\alpha,A): \mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{R}^2 \quad (x,w)\mapsto (x+\alpha, A(x) \cdot w), \] where \(\alpha \in \mathbb{R}\) and \(A:\mathbb{T}\to\operatorname{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})\) is analytic (\(\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R} / \mathbb{Z}\)). The main source of examples is given by Schrödinger cocycles, which are related to one-dimensional quasiperiodic Schrödinger operators \[ (Hu)_n=u_{n+1}+u_{n-1}+v(\theta + n \alpha)u_n. \] We are interested in the case where \(A\) is close to a constant. In this case, the classical question is whether \((\alpha,A)\) is reducible. This means that \((\alpha,A)\) is conjugate to a constant, that is, there exists \(B:\mathbb{T} \to\operatorname{PSL}(2,\mathbb{R})\) analytic such that \(B(x+\alpha)A(x)B(x)^{-1}\) is a constant. In addition, we say that \((\alpha,A)\) is conjugate to a cocycle of rotations if there exists \(B:\mathbb{T} \to\operatorname{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})\) analytic such that \(B(x+\alpha)A(x)B(x)^{-1}\in\operatorname{SO}(2,\mathbb{R})\). We obtain the somewhat surprising result that conjugacy to a cocycle of rotations is frequent (under a closeness-to-constant assumption) irrespective of any condition on \(\alpha\).