Periodic matrices with integer entries (Q6600752)

A nonzero square matrix \(A\) is called periodic of period \(n\) or \((n+1)\)-potent if \(A^{n+1} = A\) for a positive integer \(n\) and \(n\) is the least such positive integer. The authors characterize when a nonzero square matrix with integer entries is periodic using cyclotomic polynomials. They also determine the set of all possible periods of periodic matrices with integer entries via Euler's totient function.\N\NFor an extensive list of references on periodic matrices, see [\textit{O. M. Baksalary} and \textit{G. Trenkler}, Electron. J. Linear Algebra 26, 446--470 (2013; Zbl 1283.15043)].