Generalizations of Menon's arithmetic identity (Q6606734)

Menon's arithmetic identity states that\N\[ \N\sum_{\substack{a=1 \\ (a,m)=1}}^m (a-1,m) = d(m)\varphi(m)\N\] \Nholds for every \(m\ge 1\), where \(d(m)\) is the number of positive divisors of \(m\) and \(\varphi(m)\) is Euler's totient function. There are in the literature several generalizations and analogues of this classical identity, see the survey by the reviewer [Acta Univ. Sapientiae, Math. 15, 142--197 (2023; Zbl 1543.11004)].\N\NFor a given integer \(k\ge 1\) let \((a,b)_k\) denote the greatest common \(k\)-th power divisor of the integers \(a,b\) that are not both \(0\). The function \(\varphi^{(k)}(m)\) counts the number of integers \(a\) such that \(1\le a \le m^k\) and \((a,m^k)_k=1\). This was introduced by \textit{E. Cohen} [Duke Math. J. 16, 85--90 (1949; Zbl 0034.02105)]. Actually, for every \(m\ge 1\) one has \(\varphi^{(k)}(m)=J_k(m)\), the Jordan function, proved by the same author [Duke Math. J. 23, 515--522 (1956; Zbl 0073.02903)]. Cohen's function \(\varphi^{(k)}\) recovers Euler's totient function \(\varphi\) in the case \(k=1\).\N\NLet \(s\ge 1\) be a fixed integer. The function \(d_s^{(k)}\) is defined for every prime power \(p^{\nu}\) by \(d_s(p^\nu)=1\) if \(p^k\mid s\) and \(\nu+1\) otherwise, and extended for positive integers by multiplicativity.\N\NIn the present paper the author proves the identity\N\[ \N\sum_{\substack{a=1 \\ (a,m^k)_k=1}}^{m^k} (a-s,m^k)_k = d_s^{(k)}(m) \varphi^{(k)}(m),\N\] \Nwhich reduces to Menon's identity for \(k=s=1\). Note that in the case \((s,m^k)_k=1\) this is due to \textit{K. Nageswara Rao} [Lect. Notes Math. 251, 181--192 (1972; Zbl 0243.10008].\N\NFor the entire collection see [Zbl 1530.11003].