On G-Drazin partial order in rings (Q6607768)

Let \(\mathcal{R}\) be an associative ring with \(1\) and let \(a\in\mathcal{R}\). Then an element \(x\in \mathcal{R}\) such that \(ax=xa\), \(x=ax^{2}\) and \(a^{k}=a^{k+1}x\) for some integer \(k\geq 0\) is called the Drazin inverse of \(a\), see \textit{M. P. Drazin} [Am. Math. Mon. 65, 506--514 (1958; Zbl 0083.02901)]. It can be proved that \(x\) is completely defined by these conditions; the least possible value of \(k\) (the index of \(a\)) is denoted by \(i(a)\). The set of all elements in \(\mathcal{R}\) which have Drazin inverses is denoted by \(\mathcal{R}^{D}\).\par The present paper considers a slightly more general pseudo-inverse defined as follows: \(x\) is a \(G\)-Drazin inverse of \(a\) if \(axa=a\), \(xa^{k+1}=a^{k}\) and \(a^{k+1}x=a^{k}\), compare \textit{H. Wang} and \textit{X. Liu} [Linear Algebra Appl. 488, 235--248 (2016; Zbl 1327.15008)]. A \(G\)-Drazin inverse is not necessarily unique. In the present paper various properties of \(G\)-Drazin inverses for rings are proved, such as the following.\par (Theorem 3.3): Suppose that \(a\in \mathcal{R}\) has a Drazin inverse \(a^{D}\) and that \(i(a)=k\). Then the following are equivalent: (a) \(a\) has a \(G\)-Drazin inverse; (b) there exist idempotents \(p\) and \(q\) in \(\mathcal{R}\) such that \(a\mathcal{R=}p\mathcal{R}\), \(\mathcal{R}a=\mathcal{R}q\) and \(a^{k}p=a^{k}=qa^{k}\); and (c) there exist idempotents \(p\) and \(q\) in \(\mathcal{R}\) such that \(a\mathcal{R=}p\mathcal{R}\), \(\mathcal{R}a=\mathcal{R}q\) and \(a^{D}p=qa^{D}\). Also generalizing from the case of matrix rings, the authors consider the binary relation \(\leq ^{GD}\)defined on \(\mathcal{R}^{D}\) by \(a\leq ^{GD}b\) if there exist \(G\)-Drazin inverses \(a_{1}\) and \(a_{2}\) of \(a\) such that \(a_{1}a=a_{1}b\) and \(aa_{2}=ba_{2}\); and verify that \(\leq ^{GD}\)is a partial order. \par A remark at the end of the paper notes that the authors have learned that a similar result already appears in \textit{J. Marovt} [Linear Multilinear Algebra 66, No. 4, 803--820 (2018; Zbl 1469.06022)] where the relation is called the \(S\)-minus partial order.