Remarks on some cardinal invariants and partition relations (Q6607791)

Here the authors investigate two cardinal invariants. These are \(\mathfrak{ls}\mathfrak{c}\) and \(\mathfrak{la}(\mathfrak{c})\) where \(\mathfrak{ls}(\kappa)\) denotes the least cardinality of a family \(\mathcal{F} \subseteq \mathcal{P}(\kappa)\) that separates countable subsets of \(\kappa\) from points. That means that for every countable \(A \subseteq \kappa\) and \(\alpha \in \kappa \setminus A\), there exist \(X \in \mathcal{F}\) such that \(\alpha \in X\) and \(A \cap X = \emptyset\).\par \(\mathfrak{la}(\kappa)\) denotes the least cardinal \(\lambda\) such that \(cf(\lambda ) \geq \omega_1\) and there exists an almost disjoint family \(\mathcal{A} \subseteq [\lambda]^{{cf}(\lambda)}\) with \(\vert \mathcal{A}\vert \geq \kappa\). Here \(X, Y \in \mathcal{A}\) are almost disjoint iff \(\vert X \cap Y\vert < cf(\lambda)\).\par It was shown in a paper by \textit{K. Higuchi} et al. [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 148, No. 7, 2823--2833 (2020; Zbl 1481.06001)], that \(\omega_1 \leq \mathfrak{ls}(\kappa) \leq \mathfrak{la}(\kappa)\) for every uncountable cardinal \(\kappa\). Here the authors show: \par Theorem 1.2. \textit{Assume \(V \models GCH\). Then there is a ccc forcing \(\mathbb{P}\) such that \(V^{\mathbb{P}} \models \mathfrak{ls}(\omega_3) = \omega_1 < \mathfrak{la}(\omega_3) < \mathfrak{c} = \omega_3\).} \par They generalize their construction to separate \(\mathfrak{la}(\kappa)\) and a stronger variant of \(\mathfrak{ls}(\kappa)\).