Characterizing locally polynomial functions on convex subsets of linear spaces (Q6607870)

Let \((G,+)\) and \((H,+)\) be groups and fix a nonnegative integer \(n\). A function \(f:G \to H\) satisfying the Fréchet equation (of order \(n\)) \[\Delta_{y_1,\cdots,y_{n+1}}f(x)=0\] for all \(y_1,\cdots,y_{n+1}, x\in G\) is called a polynomial function of order at most \(n\).\par If \(G\) is a commutative group, \(n\) a nonnegative integer, \(H\) a commutative group uniquely divisible by \(n!\), then, \(f:G \to H\) is a polynomial function of order at most \(n\) if and only if it has the form \[f(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n A^*_k(x),\] for all \(x\in G\), where \(A^*_k\), \(k\in \{0,\cdots, n\}\), are diagonalizations of \(k\)-additive symmetric functions \(A_k:G^k \to H\).\par \textit{I. Pawlikowska} [Aequationes Math. 75, No. 1--2, 1--28 (2008; Zbl 1144.39021)] introduced the notion of locally polynomial function as follows. Suppose that \(X\), \(Y\) are linear spaces over a field \(\mathbb{K} \subset\mathbb{R}\), let \(K\) be a non-empty subset of \(X\). A map \(f:K \to Y\) is called a locally polynomial function of degree at most \(n\) on \(K\), if it satisfies the Fréchet equation for every \(x, y_i\in X\) such that \(x+\sum_{i\in Z}y_i\in K\), \(Z\subset \{1,\cdots,n+1\}\).\par In the present paper it is proved that, under certain conditions on the set \(K\), locally polynomial functions are solutions to some rather general functional equations and by the result of \textit{R. Ger} [Result. Math. 26, No. 3--4, 281--289 (1994; Zbl 0829.39006)], it is shown that they are the restrictions of polynomial functions defined on the whole space.\par In the last section of the paper the results previously obtained are used to solve some functional equations.