Congruence-simple acts over completely simple semigroups (Q6608060)

The authors investigate the conditions under which an act \(X\) over a completely simple semigroup \(S = M(G, I, \Lambda, P)\) is congruence-simple, meaning it has no non-trivial congruences. They identify four specific conditions that characterize such acts. The paper also provides a detailed description of these congruences.\NKey contribution haves characterizations of congruence-simple acts. The paper establishes that\Nan act \(X\) over a completely simple semigroup \(S\) is congruence-simple if and only if one of the following conditions holds:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[(1)] \(|X| = 1\);\N\item[(2)] \(|X| = 2\) and \(|XS| = 1\);\N\item[(3)] \(X = \{z_1, z_2\}\), where \(z_1\) and \(z_2\) are zeros;\N\item[(4)] \(X \cong R/\rho\), where \(R\) is a minimal right ideal of \(S\) and \(\rho\) is a maximal proper congruence of \(R\).\N\end{itemize}\NThe paper introduces and elaborates on important concepts such as quasi-unitary acts, zero elements and Rees congruences, which are crucial for understanding the structure of congruence-simple acts.\NThe authors provide a robust theoretical framework for analyzing acts over semigroups, drawing connections to universal algebra and state machines. This framework is essential for further research in the field.\N\NThe paper is dedicated to the memory of Aleksandr Vasilievich Mikhalev, a great mathematician and teacher, highlighting his influence on the authors and the field of algebra.