A refined global Poincaré-Bendixson annulus with the limit cycle of the Rayleigh system (Q6609728)

The authors construct in the phase plane an annulus \( A_\lambda\) containing the unique limit cycle \(\Gamma_\lambda\) of the Rayleigh system\N\[\N\begin{array}{l} \frac{{dx}}{{dt}}= -y, \\\N\frac{{dy}}{{dt}} = x +\lambda y(1-y^2/y) \end{array}\N\]\Ndepending on the real parameters \(\lambda \). \( A_\lambda\) improves a corresponding annulus obtained in the paper [\textit{A. Grin} and \textit{K. Schneider}, Electron. J. Qual. Theory Differ. Equ. 2023, Paper No. 35, 12 p. (2023; Zbl 1538.34120)].