On microlocal analyticity and smoothness of solutions of first-order nonlinear PDEs (Q661296)

In this paper, the authors study the microlocal analyticity and smoothness of solutions of a nonlinear PDE of the kind \(u_t=f(x,t,u,u_x),\) where \(f=f(x,t,\zeta_0,\zeta)\) is the restriction of a holomorphic function. Their result extends a result of \textit{N. Lerner} et al. [Am. J. Math. 132, No. 1, 99--123 (2010; Zbl 1194.35104)] that was proved for an equation of the kind \[ u_t +\sum_{j=1}^n a_j(t,x,u)u_{x_j}+b(t,x,u)=0, \] where the microlocal analyticity and strong instability, with respect to a \(C^\infty\) perturbation, was studied. The main assumptions concern the repeated backets of the linearized operator and its conjugate. The authors then give two applications to microlocal analyticity and smoothness of the trace \(u(x,0)\) of a solution to the nonlinear equation, and as regards the result on smoothness, \(f\) is assumed to be \(C^\infty\) in all the variables and holomorphic in \((\zeta_0,\zeta)\) in an appropriate domain. When the initial datum \(u_0(x)\) is real-analytic, as in [loc. cit.], the results yield the strong instability of the Cauchy-Kovalenskaya solution of the associated Cauchy problem with respect to a \(C^\infty\) perturbation.