A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of invariant Gibbs measures (Q6614565)

Let \( X \) be a subshift, and \( f \) a continuous real-valued function defined on \( X \). A measure \( \mu \) on \( X \) is called a Gibbs measure for \( f \) if there exist constants \( c\geq 1 \) and \( P \in \mathbb{R} \) such that, for all \( n \in\mathbb{N} \), \( w \in B_n(X) \), and \( x \in [w] \), the following inequality is satisfied:\N\[\Nc^{-1} \leq \frac{\mu([w]) \exp(nP)}{\exp(S_n f(x))} \leq c,\N\]\Nwhere \( S_n f(x) = \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} f(\sigma^i(x)) \), and \([w]\) represents the corresponding cylinder set.\N\NThe author starts by presenting the essential definitions and foundational concepts of symbolic dynamics to provide clarity. Next, the discussion moves to the existence of invariant Gibbs measures, emphasizing that such existence offers limited information without the specification property. Focusing on invariant measures in dynamical systems, the author investigates the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of invariant Gibbs measures when \( f = 0 \).\N\NIt is shown that a subshift \( X \) has a measure of maximal entropy with the Gibbs property if and only if it satisfies the balanced property concerning \( f = 0 \). This result is then extended to continuous real-valued functions on \( X \). The author further proves that the right balanced property and the left balanced property with respect to \( f \) are not equivalent. Ultimately, it is established that a subshift \( X \) has an invariant Gibbs measure \( \mu \) for \( f \in C(X, \mathbb{R}) \) if and only if it satisfies the balanced property with respect to \( f \).