Moments of averages of Ramanujan sums over number fields (Q6619682)

Let \(q\) and \(n\) be positive integers. The Ramanujan sum is defined by\N\[\Nc_q(n) := \mathop{\sum_{1 \le j \le n}}_{\gcd(j, q) = 1} e^{2 \pi i n j / q} = \mathop{\sum_{d \mid n}}_{d \mid q} d \mu \Bigl( \frac{q}{d} \Bigr),\N\]\Nwhere \(i = \sqrt{-1}\) and \(\mu\) is the Möbius function. \textit{T. H. Chan} and \textit{A. V. Kumchev} [Acta Arith. 152, No. 1, 1--10 (2012; Zbl 1294.11162)] started the study of the asymptotic behavior of the first and second moment of sums of Ramanujan sums:\N\[\N\sum_{n \le y} \sum_{q \le x} c_q(n) \; \; \text{ and } \; \; \sum_{n \le y} \Bigl( \sum_{q \le x} c_q(n) \Bigr)^2.\N\]\NThese were subsequently generalized by various authors to higher moments as well as to other number fields. For a number field \(\mathbb{K}\) with non-zero integral ideals \(\mathcal{I}\) and \(\mathcal{J}\) in its ring of integers \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{K}}\), one defines the generalized Ramanujan sum over \(\mathbb{K}\) as\N\[\NC_{\mathcal{J}} (\mathcal{I}) := \mathop{\sum_{ \mathcal{I}_1 \mid \mathcal{J}}}_{ \mathcal{I}_1 \mid \mathcal{I}} \mathcal{N}( \mathcal{I}_1 ) \mu \Bigl( \frac{\mathcal{J}}{\mathcal{I}_1} \Bigr),\N\]\Nwhere \(\mathcal{N}( \mathcal{I})\) is the norm of \(\mathcal{I}\), and\N\[\N\mu(\mathcal{I}) := \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (-1)^r, & \text{ if \(\mathcal{I}\) is a product of \(r\) distinct prime ideals,} \\\N0, & \text{ if there exists a prime ideal \(\mathcal{P}\) of \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{K}}\) such that \(\mathcal{P}^2 \mid \mathcal{I}\)} \end{array} \right.\N\]\Nis the generalized Möbius function. Let \(\zeta_{\mathbb{K}}(s)\) denote the Dedekind zeta function over \(\mathbb{K}\) and the Generalized Lindelöf hypothesis (GLH) is the upper bound\N\[\N\Big| \zeta_{\mathbb{K}} \Bigl( \frac{1}{2} + i t \Bigr) \Big| \ll |t|^\varepsilon\N\]\Nfor any \(\varepsilon > 0\).\N\NIn this paper under review, the authors continue their recent investigation in [\textit{S. Chaubey} and \textit{S. Goel}, Ramanujan J. 61, No. 3, 813--837 (2023; Zbl 1526.11047)] and derive the following asymptotic formulas for the first and second moments of sums of Ramanujan sums over number fields under GLH: For \(y > x^2\),\N\[\N\sum_{0 < \mathcal{N}( \mathcal{I} ) \le y} \, \sum_{0 < \mathcal{N}(\mathcal{J}) \le x} C_{\mathcal{J}} (\mathcal{I}) = \rho_{\mathbb{K}} y + O \bigl( x y^{1/2 + \varepsilon} \log x \bigr);\N\]\Nfor \(y < x^{5/2}\),\N\[\N\sum_{0 < \mathcal{N}( \mathcal{I} ) \le y} \biggl( \sum_{0 < \mathcal{N}(\mathcal{J}) \le x} C_{\mathcal{J}} (\mathcal{I}) \biggr)^2 = \frac{\rho_{\mathbb{K}}^2}{\zeta_{\mathbb{K}}(2)} y x^2 + \frac{\rho_{\mathbb{K}}^2 \zeta_{\mathbb{K}}(0)}{4 \zeta_{\mathbb{K}}(2)^2} x^4 + O \bigl( y x^{3/2 + \varepsilon} \bigr);\N\]\Nand, for \(y \ge x^{5/2}\),\N\[\N\sum_{0 < \mathcal{N}( \mathcal{I} ) \le y} \biggl( \sum_{0 < \mathcal{N}(\mathcal{J}) \le x} C_{\mathcal{J}} (\mathcal{I}) \biggr)^2 = \frac{\rho_{\mathbb{K}}^2}{\zeta_{\mathbb{K}}(2)} y x^2 + O \bigl( y x^{3/2 + \varepsilon} \bigr)\N\]\Nwhere\N\[\N\rho_{\mathbb{K}} = \lim_{t \rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{t} \# \{ \text{integral ideals \(\mathcal{I}\) in \(\mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{K}}\)} : 0 < \mathcal{N}(\mathcal{I}) \le t \}.\N\]\NThe authors also outline unconditional proofs (with bigger error terms) of the above second moments for cyclotomic number fields with transition from \(y < x^2\) to \(y \ge x^2\).\N\NThe method of proof is based on the authors' previous works together with standard tools like Dirichlet series, truncated Perron's formula, Phragmén-Lindelöf principle, and Brun-Titchmarsh inequality for multiplicative functions by \textit{P. Shiu} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 313, 161--170 (1980; Zbl 0412.10030)].