Characterizations of complex P-matrices (Q6628872)

A P-matrix is a square matrix all of whose principal minors are positive. Real P-matrices can be characterized as follows:\N\N{Theorem.} A real \(n\times n\) matrix \(A\) is a P-matrix if and only if, for every nonzero vector \(x\in \mathbb{R}^n\), there exists at least one \(j\in \{ 1, 2, \dots, n\}\) such that \(x_j(Ax)_j>0\); that is, the \(j\)-th entries of vectors \(x\) and \(Ax\) are both nonzero and have the same sign.\N\NIn this paper, the authors aim to characterize complex P-matrices and obtain the following characterization:\N\N{Theorem.} Let \(A\) be a complex \(n\times n\) matrix such that all principal submatrices of \(A\) have real characteristic polynomials. Then \(A\) is a P-matrix if and only if for every nonzero vector \(x\in \mathbb{C}^n\), \(Ax\) is not a reflection of \(x\).\N\NMoreover, the authors study the properties and factorizations of complex P-matrices.