Constructing displacement vectors (Q6631402)

In this paper, the author investigates best approximation vectors and the Dirichlet spectrum with respect to arbitrary norms. Given a vector \(\mathbf{v}\) and a norm \(\Vert \cdot \Vert\), we let \((\mathbf{p}_n(\mathbf{v}),q_n(\mathbf{v}))\) be best approximation vectors of \(\mathbf{v}\) with respect to \(\Vert \cdot \Vert\). We define \(\beta_n=\beta_n(\mathbf{v})=q_{n+1}^{\frac{1}{d}}(q_n\mathbf{v}-p_n)\), and define the badly approximable Dirichlet spectrum as \N\[\N\mathbb{D}_{d,\Vert \cdot \Vert}^{BA}=\{\limsup_{T\rightarrow \infty}\Vert \beta_n(\mathbf{v})\Vert:\mathbf{v}\in \operatorname{Bad}\}.\N\]\NThe main result of the paper is the following: For every norm \(\Vert \cdot \Vert\) on \(\mathbb{R}^2\), there exists some \(M_{\Vert \cdot \Vert}>0\), such that for any \(m\), any sequence of residues modulo \(m\), \(\{z_n\}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}\subseteq \{0,1,\dots,m-1\}\) satisfying certain arithmetic conditions, for any sequence of non-degenerate intervals \(I_n\subseteq M_{\Vert \cdot \Vert}\), for any angle \(0\leq \theta<2\pi\), and for any \(\delta>0\), there exist continuum many vectors \(\mathbf{v}\in \mathbb{R}^2\) such that the following hold:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[1.] for every \(n\in \mathbb{N}\), \(\Vert \beta_n(\mathbf{v})\Vert\in I_n\);\N\item[2.] the angle of \(\beta_n(\mathbf{v})\) is in \((\theta-\delta,\theta+\delta)\);\N\item[3.] \(q_n(\mathbf{v})\equiv z_n\mod m\) for every \(n\in \mathbb{N}\).\N\end{itemize}\NAs a consequence the Dirichlet spectrum always contains a segment.\N\NTo prove the main theorem, the author proves that it's enough to construct continuum many sequences \(\{(\mathbf{p}_n,q_n)\}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}\subseteq \mathbb{R}^2\), which satisfy certain arithmetic and geometric properties. Then, to construct such sequences, the author uses homogeneous dynamics and reduction theory to translate this question to a question about geometry of lattices in \(\operatorname{GL}_3(\mathbb{R})/\operatorname{GL}_3(\mathbb{Z})\).