Quantization for an elliptic equation of order \(2m\) with critical exponential non-linearity (Q663251)

The authors of this very interesting paper study the problem of quantization for an elliptic differential equation of order \(2m\) with critical exponential nonlinearity. Given a smoothly bounded domain \(\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{2m}\), suppose that for each \(k\in \mathbb{N}\) there is a smooth positive function \(u_k\) satisfying the equation \[ (- \triangle )^{m} u_k = \lambda_ku_ke^{mu_k^2} \;\;\text{in} \;\;\Omega\tag{\(\ast\)} \] with Dirichlet boundary condition on the boundary \(\partial\Omega \), where \(0<\lambda_k\to 0\) as \(k\to\infty \). Also suppose that \(u_k\) is bounded in \(H^m(\Omega )\). Then it turns out that \[ \int\limits_{\Omega }|\nabla^mu_k|^2dx= \int\limits_{\Omega }u_k(-\triangle )^m u_kdx=\lambda_k\int\limits_{\Omega }u_k^2e^{mu_k^2}dx\to \Lambda \;\;\text{as} \;\;k\to\infty.\tag{\(\ast\ast\)} \] Here a Beppo-Levi space \(H_{0}^{m}(\Omega )\) is introduced delivered with a norm \(\|u\|\). It is equivalent to the Sobolev norm. It is known that \(\{u_k\}\) is a sequence of positive solutions to the Dirichlet problem \((\ast )\) and satisfying \((\ast \ast )\) for \(\Lambda >0\). Then there is \(\Lambda = I^{\ast }\Lambda_1\), for some \(I^{\ast }\in \mathbb{N}\setminus \{0\}\), where \(\Lambda_1\) is a special quantity precisely determined by the authors.