Join operation for the Bruhat order and Verma modules (Q6635142)

Let \(\mathfrak{g}\) be a finite dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra with decomposition \(\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{n}^{+} \oplus \mathfrak{h} \oplus \mathfrak{n}^{-}\) and let \(W\) be the associated Weyl group. Let \(\mathcal{O}\) be the associated BGG category and \(\mathcal{O}_{0}\) its principal block. The Verma modules in \(\mathcal{O}_{0}\) are indexed by the Weyl group elements, for \(w\in W\), let \(\Delta_{w}\) be the Verma module of heighst weight \(w.0=w\rho-\rho\), where \(\rho\) is the half of the sum of all positive roots. The set \(W\) has a poset structure with respect to the Bruhat order. By a fundamental result of \textit{I. N. Bernstein} et al. [Funct. Anal. Appl. 10, 87--92 (1976; Zbl 0353.18013)] one can deduce that there is an isomorphism of posets: \((W, \leq) \simeq \big ( \{ \Delta_{w} \subseteq \Delta_{e} \mid w \in W \}, \supseteq \!\big )\). Being a poset, \(W\) has the join operation \(\vee\).\N\NIn this paper, the authors study the following Question A: Given \(U \subseteq W\), is \(w = \bigvee U\) if and only if \(\bigcap_{x \in U} \Delta_{x}=\Delta_{w}\)?\N\NThe authors, using the results of their previous paper [Sel. Math., New Ser. 27, No. 4, Paper No. 55, 24 p. (2021; Zbl 1479.17019)], observe that the answer to Question A is always positive in type \(\mathsf{A}\) (see Corollary 4.12). This statement is not true in other types, and the authors propose a weaker correspondence, namely, they introduce distinguished subsets of the Weyl group on which the join operation conjecturally agrees with the intersections of Verma modules. They also relate their conjecture with a statement about the socles of the cokernels of inclusions between Verma modules. The latter determines the first \(\mathrm{Ext}\) space between a simple module and a Verma module. The authors give a conjectural complete description of such socles and verify it in some cases.\N\NFurthermore, they determine the poset structure of the join-irreducible elements in Weyl groups and obtain closed formulae for certain families of Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials.