Singular tropical hypersurfaces (Q664364)

Given an algebraically closed field \(K\) with a real surjective non-Archimedean valuation, and a Laurent polynomial \(F\) over \(K\) in \(n\) variables, the tropicalization (amoeba) of an algebraic hypersurface \(F=0\) in the torus \((K^*)^n\) is its coordinate-wise valuation image in \({\mathbb R}^n\), which in turn coincides with the corner locus of the tropicalization \(f\) of \(F\), a concave piece-wise linear function (a tropical Laurent polynomial). The authors show that whenever the algebraic hypersurface \(F=0\) has a singular point \(z\in(K^*)^n\), the tropicalization of \(z\) (tropical singular point) can be found via Euler derivatives of \(f\). The Euler derivative of the tropical polynomial \(f\) is defined as the tropicalization of \(\frac{\partial F}{\partial L}=\sum_i\alpha_i\frac{\partial F}{\partial x_i}+\beta F\), and it does not depend on the choice of \(F\) which tropicalizes into \(f\). Thus, the singular locus of \(F=0\) tropicalizes into the intersection of the corner loci of \(f\) and of all its Euler derivatives (in fact, one can choose only finitely many of them). As application, for plane tropical curves which intersect non-transversally, the authors describe location of points which can be tropicalization of an intersection point of plane algebraic curves over \(K\), whose amoebas are the given tropical curves.