Stability estimates for the anisotropic wave equation from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map (Q665010)

This paper treats the inverse boundary value problem for wave equations on a compact Riemannian manifold \((\mathcal{M},g)\) with a boundary \(\partial \mathcal{M}\) of dimension \(\geq2\). \((\mathcal{M},g)\) is also assumed to be simple in the sense that \(\partial \mathcal{M}\) is strictly convex with respect to \(g\), and for any \(x\in \mathcal{M}\) the exponential map \(\exp_x\) is diffeomorphic from \(\exp^{-1}_x(\mathcal{M})\) to \(\mathcal{M}\). More precisely, the authors consider the boundary value problem: \[ \begin{cases} (\partial^2_t-\Delta_g+q(x))u=0 \quad & \text{in} \, (0,T)\times \mathcal {M},\\ u(0,\cdot)=0, \quad \partial_t u(0,\cdot)=0\quad & \text{in} \, \mathcal{M},\\ u=f \quad & \text{on} \, \partial \mathcal{M}, \end{cases} \] where \(\Delta_g\) is the Laplace-Beltrami operator, and \(q\in L^\infty(\mathcal{M})\) and \(f\in H^1((0,T)\times \partial \mathcal{M})\). The Dirichlet-to-Neumann map \(\Lambda_{g,q}\) is defined to be \[ \Lambda_{g,q}f=\sum_{j,k=1}^n \nu_j g^{jk} \left. \frac{\partial u}{\partial x_k}\right|_{(0,T)\times \mathcal{M}}. \] Here \(\nu_j=\sum_{k=1}^ng_{jk} \nu^k\) and \(\nu_k\) is the \(k\)-th component of the outer normal vector \(\nu(x)\) at \(x\in \partial \mathcal{M}\). Then, fixing \(g\), the authors prove that the potential \(q\) can be determined from the knowledge of \(\Lambda_{g,q}\): Let \(T>\mathrm{diam}_g(\mathcal{M})\). Then there exists a constant \(C=C(\mathcal{M},T,n)>0\) such that for any \(q_1,q_2\in \mathcal{Q}(M_0)\) satisfying \(q_1=q_2\) and \(\nabla_g q_1=\nabla_g q_2\) on \(\partial \mathcal{M}\), an estimate \[ \|q_1-q_2\|_{L^2(\mathcal{M})}\leq C\|\Lambda_{g,q_1}-\Lambda_{g,q_2}\|^{1/8} \] holds, where the class \(\mathcal{Q}(M_0)\) of potentials is defined by \[ \mathcal{Q}(M_0)=\left\{q\in H^1(\mathcal{M}): \|q\|_{H^1(\mathcal{M})\;le M_0}\right\}\quad \text{for some}\, M_0>0. \] As a consequence, several results are proved: uniqueness of the potential \(q \), determination of the conformal factor of the metric \(g\). Moreover, this result is available to the spectral inverse problem.