On trigonometric functional equations of rectangular type (Q675207)

Let \(f:G_1\times G_2\to \mathbb{C}\) where \(G_1\) and \(G_2\) are arbitrary groups. Under the assumption that \(f\) satisfies the conditions \(f(x_1y_1z_1,x_2) =f(x_1z_1 y_1,x_2)\) and \(f(x_1,x_2y_2z_2) =f(x_1,x_2z_2y_2)\) for all \(x_i,y_i,z_i\in G_i\) \((i=1,2)\) the general solutions of the following two functional equations are obtained: \[ \begin{aligned} f(x_1y_1, x_2 y_2) & +f(x_1y_1, x_2y_2^{-1}) +f(x_1,y_1^{-1}, x_2y_2) +f(x_1y_1^{-1}, x_2y_2^{-1}) \tag{1}\\ & =f(x_1,x_2)F(y_1,y_2)+F(x_1,x_2)f(y_1,y_2),\end{aligned} \] \[ \begin{aligned} f(x_1y_1,x_2y_2) & +f(x_1 y_1, x_2y_2^{-1})+f(x_1y_1^{-1}, x_2y_2) +f(x_1y_1^{-1}, x_2y_ 2^{-1}) \tag{2}\\ & =f(x_1,x_2) f(y_1,y_1) +F(x_1,x_2) F(y_1,y_2). \end{aligned} \] These functional equations are generalizations of the well-known functional equation of rectangular type \[ \begin{aligned} f(x_1+y_1, x_2+y_2) & +f(x_1+ y_1, x_2- y_2) +f(x_1-y_1, x_2+y_2)\\ & +f(x_1-y_1, x_2-y_2)= 4f(x_1,x_2) \end{aligned} \] studied by \textit{J. Aczel}, \textit{H. Haruki}, \textit{M. A. McKiernan}, and \textit{G. N. Sakovich} [Aequationes Math. 1, 37-53 (1968; Zbl 0157.46102)].