Existence of periodic solutions for Hamiltonian systems at resonance (Q676736)

The author studies the existence of nontrivial \(T\)-periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems of the type \[ J\dot{z} =A(t)z + U'_{z}(z,t), \;z \in \mathbb{R}^{2n}, \;t \in \mathbb{R}, \] where \[ J =\left (\begin{matrix} 0 & I \\ I & 0\end{matrix}\right), \] \(A\) is a \(T\)-periodic \(2n\times 2n\) symmetric matrix and \(U \in C^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{2n}\times\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})\) is \(T\)-periodic with respect to the variable \(t\) and, moreover, satisfies \[ \lim_{|z |\rightarrow \infty}\frac{|U_{z}'(z,t) |}{|z |} =0. \] The case where the problem is nonresonant, i.e., the equation \(J\dot{z} =A(t)z,\) has only the trivial solution, has been treated by \textit{H. Amann} and \textit{E. Zehnder} [Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, Cl. Sci., IV. Ser. 7, 539-603 (1980; Zbl 0452.47077)]. The main purpose of the present work is to extend some results of this paper to a general kind of problems with resonance at infinity. The techniques used in the proofs are similar to the previous mentioned work, by using the difference between the linearized flows at zero and at infinity. Also, in the study of the corresponding action functional, it is used a generalized Morse theory for possibly degenerate critical points due to \textit{V. Benci} [Prog. Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl. 15, 37-177 (1995; Zbl 0823.58008)] and \textit{F. Giannoni} [Conf. Semin. Mat. Univ. Bari 256, 1-23 (1994)].