On the growth of high Sobolev norms of solutions for KdV and Schrödinger equations (Q677112)

The author investigates the growth of high Sobolev norms of solutions of the following initial value problems: nonlinear Schrödinger equation \[ i\partial_tu+ \partial^2_x u+\lambda |u|^ku=0,\qquad u(x,0)= \Phi(x) \quad x\in\mathbb{R} \quad\text{or} \quad \mathbb{T},\quad t\in\mathbb{R}\tag{1} \] and generalized KdV equation \[ \partial_tu+ \partial^3_xu+ \lambda \partial_xu^k= 0,\qquad u(x,0)= \Phi(x) \quad x\in\mathbb{R} \quad \text{or} \quad \mathbb{T}, \quad t\in\mathbb{R}. \tag{2} \] He establishes two types of results. The first one is concerned with both problems (1) and (2) for any \(k\) and constant \(\lambda\). The second one deals with a case of variables \(\lambda\) for (1) with \(k=2\) and for (2) with \(k=2,3\). Disposing of an a priori control of the \(H^1\)-norm of \(u\) the author obtains the estimates \[ \bigl |u(t) \bigr|_{H^s}\leq C|t|^{\delta^{-1}} \quad\text{for} \quad|t|\to\infty, \] for any \(s\geq 1\) where \(\delta\) is a function of \(s\) expressed in a simple form such as \(\delta^{-1} =(s-1)^+\). The smoothing effect of the operators \((i\partial_t+\partial^2_x)^{-1}\) and \((\partial_t+ \partial^3_x)^{-1}\) and a certain bilinear inequality proved by Kenig, Ponce, and Vega play important roles in the proof of the first type and the second one, respectively.