An extremal property of the diagonal of a matrix (Q677901)

The Marcus-Sandy inequality [cf. \textit{M. Marcus} and \textit{M. Sandy}, Linear Multilinear Algebra 18, 337-353 (1985; Zbl 0592.15009)] says that the arithmetic mean of the singular values is majorated by the numerical radius, for an arbitrary \(n\) by \(n\) matrix \(A\). The author complements this by inserting \(n^{- 1/2}|A|_d\) between the two preceding quantities. Here \(|A|_d\) denotes the maximum of the Euclidean norms of the main diagonals within the unitary similarity orbit \(U^* AU\). Moreover, it is interesting to see that the case of equality in the Marcus-Sandy inequality is equivalent to the case of equality in the second of the new inequalities. This class of extremal matrices has another remarkable property: the intersection of the Gerschgorin regions over the unitary similarity orbit reduces to the spectrum of the matrix [see \textit{A. Zalewska-Mitura} and \textit{J. Zemánek}, The Gerschgorin discs under unitary similarity; in Linear Operators (ed. by J. Janas, F. H. Szafraniec and J. Zemánek), 427-441, Banach Center Publ. 38, Warszawa (1997)].