Cesàro means in topological groups (Q679169)

Let \(X\) be a Hausdorff topological vector space (over \(\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C})\), \(c(X)\) denote the set of convergent sequences in \(X\), and \((c(X), c(X), p)\) the set of matrix transforms from \(c(X)\) to \(c(X)\) which preserve limits. \textit{S. Mazur} and \textit{W. Orlicz} [Stud. Math. 10, 184-208 (1948; Zbl 0036.07801)] showed that if \(X\) is metrizable, then the Cesàro \((C,1)\) transform in \(X\) satisfies \((C,1)\in (c(X), c(X), p)\) if and only if \(X\) is locally convex. The object of the present paper is to extend this result to certain topological groups, namely it is assumed throughout that \(G\) is an abelian, Hausdorff topological group written additively, which is also divisible and torsion-free. If also \(G\) is a locally convex group, then three equivalent conditions are given for the criterion \((C,1)\in (c(G), c(G), p)\). Conversely, the main result (Theorem 3) shows that if (in addition to the basic assumptions on \(G)\) \(G\) satisfies the first axiom of countability, and if \((C,1)\in (c(G), c(G), p)\), then \(G\) is a locally convex group. The final result is a Tauberian theorem in a locally convex group \(G\) showing that sequences in \(G\) which are \((C,1)\) limitable and slowly oscillating are necessarily convergent.