Method of Loewner's chains for constructing univalency criteria (Q679173)

The main result is the following univalence criterion: Let \(f(z)= z+\cdots\) be analytic in the unit disk \(U\) satisfying the condition \[ (1-|z|^{2\alpha}) \Biggl|z{f''(z)\over f'(z)}\Biggr|\leq \alpha. \] Then, for every complex number \(\beta\) with \(\text{Re }\beta\geq \alpha> 0\), the function \(F(z)\) defined by \[ F(z)= \Biggl[\beta \int^z_0 x^{\beta- 1}f'(x) dx\Biggr]^{1/\beta} \] is analytic and univalent in \(U\). (The special case \(\beta=\alpha= 1\), \(F(z)= f(z)\) is well-known.) For the proof it is shown that, under the condition above, \[ \begin{aligned} L(z,t) & = \Biggl[{\beta\over z^\beta} \int^{e^{-t}z}_0 x^{\beta-1} f'(x) dx+ (e^{\beta t}- e^{-\beta t}) f'(e^{-t}z)\Biggr]^{1/\beta},\\ & = e^zz+\cdots,\qquad 0\leq t<\infty,\end{aligned} \] is a Löwner chain. Hence \(F(z)= L(z,0)\) is univalent.