Gerretsen and the Finsler-Hadwiger inequality (Q679677)
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Gerretsen and the Finsler-Hadwiger inequality (English)
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19 January 2018
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The Finsler-Hadwiger inequality states, with \(Q=(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2\) and \(A\) standing for the area of triangle \(ABC\), that \[ a^2+b^2+c^2\geq 4A\sqrt{3}+Q.\tag{1} \] \textit{J. C. H. Gerretsen} [``Ongelijkheden in de driehoek'', Nieuw Tijdschr. Wiskunde 41, 1--7 (1953)] provided a simpler proof thereof. Going backward from an observation of Gerretsen, who had noticed that \[ a^2+b^2+c^2-Q= 4A(\tan\frac{A}{2}+\tan\frac{B}{2}+\tan\frac{C}{2}),\tag{2} \] and thus that the Finsler-Hadwiger inequality implies that \[ \tan\frac{A}{2}+\tan\frac{B}{2}+\tan\frac{C}{2}\geq \sqrt{3},\tag{3} \] the author uses an argument from analysis, involving strictly convex functions, to prove the latter inequality (but making no reference to Jensen's inequality, nor to a Purkiss principle argument, as made exact in [\textit{W. C. Waterhouse}, Am. Math. Mon. 90, 378--388 (1983; Zbl 0533.26008)] to prove (3), and, by retracing one's steps, to prove (1) by way of (2).
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Finsler-Hadwiger inequality
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