Boundedness of solutions for Duffing equation with low regularity in time (Q681044)

This paper deals with the boundedness of solutions for the Duffing equation \[ x''+x^{2n+1}+\sum_{j=0}^{2n}P_j(t)x^j=0, \quad n\geq 1. \] This topic has been widely studied in literature. In [\textit{X. Yuan}, J. Differ. Equations 142, No. 2, 231--262 (1998; Zbl 0911.34042)], it was proved that all solutions of the given equation are bounded provided that \(P_j(t)\) (\(j=0,1,\cdots,n\)) are \(1\)-periodic \(C^1\)-functions and \(P_j(t)\) (\(j=n+1, \cdots, 2n\)) are \(1\)-periodic \(C^2\)-functions. In the present paper, the smoothness requirement of \(P_j(t)\) (\(j=0,1,\cdots, 2n\)) is relaxed to Hölder continuity by using some approximation method. It is proved that all solutions are bounded for this equation provided that for each \(n+1\leq j\leq 2n\), \(P_j\in C^{\gamma}(T^1)\) with \(\gamma>1-\frac{1}{n}\) and for each \(j\) with \(0\leq j\leq n\), \(P_j\in L(T^1)\), where \(T^1=\mathbf{R}/\mathbf{Z}\).