On the sum of the inverses of element orders of \(\mathrm{PSL}(2, 7)\) (Q6860341)

As the authors note in the introduction, the study of numerical invariants associated with element orders in finite groups has recently become an active area of research in group theory. In particular, the sum of element orders of a finite group or the average of element orders have received increasing attention and problems concerning the characterization of small simple groups via these invariants have proved especially interesting.\N\NOne may list some references about problems related to such numerical invariants of finite groups: [\textit{M. Herzog} et al. J. Math. Sci., New York 275, No. 6, 722--727 (2023; Zbl 1532.20030); translation from Itogi Nauki Tekh., Ser. Sovrem. Mat. Prilozh., Temat. Obz. 177, 74--79 (2020); J. Algebra 511, 215--226 (2018; Zbl 1436.20034); \textit{M. Baniasad Azad} and \textit{B. Khosravi}, J. Algebra 516, 115--124 (2018; Zbl 1446.20037); \textit{M. Herzog} et al., J. Pure Appl. Algebra 222, No. 7, 1628--1642 (2018; Zbl 1486.20030); \textit{S. M. Jafarian Amiri} and \textit{M. Amiri}, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 218, No. 3, 531--539 (2014; Zbl 1283.20018); \textit{M. Tărnăuceanu}, Result. Math. 80, No. 4, Paper No. 111, 6 p. (2025; Zbl 1569.20050); \textit{G. A. Jones}, Int. J. Group Theory 15, No. 3, 123--134 (2026; Zbl 08157599); \textit{B. Ebrahimzadeh}, Quasigroups Relat. Syst. 33, No. 2, 227--230 (2025; Zbl 08130680); \textit{H. Amiri} et al., Commun. Algebra 37, No. 9, 2978--2980 (2009; Zbl 1183.20022)].\N\NIn this article, the authors concentrate on the function \N\[\N\beta(G)=\Sigma_{k\in \pi_{e}(G)}\frac{m_{k}(G)}{k}\N\]\Nintroduced by \textit{M. B. Azad} et al. [Commun. Algebra 51, No. 2, 694--698 (2023; Zbl 1517.20033)]. Here, \(\pi_{e}(G)\) denotes the set of element orders of \(G\) and \(m_{k}(G)\) is the number of elements of order \(k\) in \(G\). They prove the following theorem:\N\N\textit{Theorem 1.1.} Let \(G\) be a finite non-solvable group. Then \(\beta(G)=\frac{99}{21}\) if and only if \(G\cong PSL(2,7)\).