Exact theory of solitary waves in a stratified fluid with surface tension. II: Oscillatory case (Q687490)

The subject is a rigorous proof of existence of solutions to a full systems of hydrodynamic equations for two-dimensional motion of an inviscid incompressible stratified liquid in the form of a solitary wave on top of an oscillatory background with a small but finite amplitude. Solutions of this type are expected in a parametric region (determined by the value of the so-called Bond number) in which the corresponding linearized equations admit the oscillating solution; in this case, the usual solitons with the asymptotics monotonically decaying at infinity do not exist. Earlier, the existence of the solutions in the form of a solitary wave on top of the oscillating background was rigorously proved for the flow of a homogeneous liquid; in the present work, the emphasis is on the proof of existence of a similar solution for the stratified liquid. Technically, the existence proof is based on the contraction maps. The proof is first given for the case when the linearized boundary problem has the single positive eigenvalue corresponding to the oscillatory asymptotic, and then for the case of two positive eigenvalues. In the latter case, two different solutions with different periods of the oscillating background are possible. The situation remains unclear if there are more than two positive eigenmodes. As for the amplitude of the background, it is demonstrated that in some cases it may be proportional to a certain power of the underlying small parameter (the soliton's amplitude), while in other cases it is exponentially small.