Laws of large numbers for a cellular automaton (Q688054)

Ergodic properties of the dynamical system which is the cellular automaton on \(X=(0,1,\dots,p-1)^ Z\) are investigated, where \(p\) is a prime number. The evolution rule of the system is specified by a mapping \(\tau:X\to X\), \[ (\tau\eta)(x)=\eta(x-1)+\eta(x+1)\bmod P \] for \(\eta(x)\in X\). The following theorems have been proved in the paper. Theorem 1. Let \(\theta=(\theta_ 0,\theta_ 1,\dots,\theta_{p-1})\) be such that \(\theta_ i\geq 0\), \(\sum_ i\theta_ i=1\), and \(\mu_ \theta\) be the product measure on \(X\) such that \(\mu_ \theta(\eta(x)=i)=\theta_ i\), \(i\in Z/(p)\). Then: (i) \(\tau^ n\mu_ \theta\) does not coverge unless \(\theta_ 0=1\), or \(\theta_ i=1/p\), \(i=0,\dots,p-1\); (ii) if \(\theta_ k<1\) for any \(k\), then \(N^{-1}\sum^{N- 1}_{n=0}\tau^ n\mu_ \theta\to\mu_{1/p}\), as \(N\to\infty\), where \(\mu_{1/p}\) is the shift invariant product measure on \(X\) such that \(\mu_{1/p}\{\eta(x)=k\}=1/p\), for all \(0\leq k\leq p-1\) and \(x\in Z\). Theorem 2. For any cylinder set \(B\) in \(X\), there exist two constants \(c_ 1\) and \(c_ 2\) depending on \(\mu_ \theta\) and \(B\) such that \[ \liminf_{N\to\infty}N^{-1}\sum^{N-1}_{n=0}I_ B\circ\tau^ n(\eta)=c_ 1,\quad \limsup_{N \to\infty}N^{-1}\sum^{N- 1}_{n=0}I_ B\circ\tau^ n(\eta)=c_ 2\text{ and } c_ 1\leq\mu_{1/p}(B)\leq c_ 2. \] Theorem 1 is the generalization of an analogous result obtained earlier for the case \(p=2\).