Para-orthogonal Laurent polynomials and associated sequences of rational functions (Q688101)

A function of the form \(g(x)=\sum^ m_{j=k}a_ jx^ j\), \(a_ j\in\mathbb{R}\), \(-\infty<k\leq m<\infty\), is called a Laurent potential \((L\)- polynomial). The set, \(\Lambda\), of all \(L\)-polynomials is a linear space over \(\mathbb{R}\). We consider a linear functional \({\mathcal L}:\Lambda\to\mathbb{R}\) which is positive definite on \((0,\infty)\) and is defined in terms of a given bisequence \(\{\mu_ n\}^ \infty_{-\infty}\) by \({\mathcal L}[z^ k]=(-1)^ k\mu_ k\). Two sequences \(\{Q_ n(z)\}^ \infty_ 0\) and \(\{\hat Q_ n(z)\}^ \infty_ 0\) of orthogonal \(L\)-polynomials are constructed which span \(\Lambda\) in the order \(\{1,z^{-1},z,z^{- 2},z^ 2,\ldots\}\) and \(\{1,z,z^{-1},z^ 2,z^{-2},\ldots\}\) respectively. We define sequences \(\{P_ n(z)\}^ \infty_ n\) and \(\{\hat P_ n(z)\}^ \infty_ n\) of \(L\)-polynomials by \[ P_ n(z):={\mathcal L}_ t\left[{z\over z-t}\bigl(Q_ n(z)-Q_ n(t)\bigr)\right]\qquad n=0,1,2,\ldots \] \[ \hat P_ n(z):={\mathcal L}_ t\left[{z\over z-t}\bigl(\hat Q_ n(z)-\hat Q_ n(t)\bigr)\right]\qquad n=0,1,2,\dots \] where \({\mathcal L}_ t\) denotes \({\mathcal L}\) operating as a function of \(t\). For each \(w>0\) we construct a sequence \(\{M_ n(z,w)\}^ \infty_ 0\) of rational functions by setting \(M_ n(z,w)=(P_ n(z)+w\hat P_ n(z))/(Q_ n(z)+w\hat Q_ n(z))\). The partial fraction decomposition and integral representation of \(M_ n(z,w)\) are given. It is also shown that for each \(n\geq 0\), the rational function \(M_ n(z,w)\) is holomorphic at \(z=0\) and \(z=\infty\) and that \(\{M_ n(z,w)\}\) corresponds to the pair \((L_ 0,L_ \infty)\) of formal Laurent series \[ L_ 0(z):=\sum^ \infty_{k=1}(- 1)^{k+1}\mu_{-k}z^ k,\quad L_ \infty:=\sum^ \infty_{k=0}(- 1)^ k\mu_ kz^{-k}. \] We get additional solutions to the strong Stieltjes moment problem from subsequences of \(\{M_ n(z,w)\}\). In particular when \(\{\mu_ k\}^ \infty_{-\infty}\) is a log-normal bisequence, \(\{M_ n(z,w)\}\) and \(\{M_{2n+1}(z,w)\}\) yield such solutions.