Admissible pairing on a curve (Q690213)

We construct an admissible pairing of divisors on a curve defined over a non-archimedean field, as an analogue of Arakelov's pairing on a Riemann surface. For an algebraic curve \(C\) with a given symmetric metric \(|\cdot|_ \Delta\) on \(O(\Delta)\) on \(C\times C\), one can define a pairing \((\;,\;)\) on \(\text{Div}(C)\) such that \((x,y)=-\log| 1|_ \Delta (x,y)\). For a Riemann surface of positive genus, Arakelov constructed a norm \(|\cdot|_ \Delta\) such that the induced pairing extends the Néron local pairing of \(\text{Div}^ 0(C)\), and satisfies certain adjunction formula and certain normalization condition by integration. For a curve defined over a discrete valuation field \(K\), we construct a similar metric \(|\cdot|_ \Delta\) on \(O(\Delta)\). From semistable models, one has a canonical norm \(|\cdot|_ \Delta\) on \(O(\Delta)\) such that \(i(x,y)= -\log |1|_ \Delta (x,y)\) is the normalized intersection number of sections extending \(x\), \(y\) on some semistable model of \(C\). If \(C\) has potentially good reduction, then \(|\cdot|_ \Delta\) satisfies all requirements. In general we need to multiply a term \(\exp(- g_ \mu(x,y))\), where \(\mu\) is certain metric on the reduction graph \(R(C)\) of \(C\) and \(g_ \mu\) is the associated Green's function. In \S1 we define \(i(x,y)\). In \S2 we study intersection theory via \(R(C)\). In \S3 we find the admissible metrics on the metrized graph. In \S4 we define admissible pairings and prove all required properties. In \S5 we define some applications to curves defined over global fields. For a curve \(C\) defined over a global field \(K\), the local admissible pairings gives a global admissible pairing for divisors on \(C\). We have a relative dualizing sheaf \(\omega_ a\), a Riemann-Roch formula, an adjunction formula, and an index theorem. Let \(\omega_{Ar}\) denote the Arakelov dualizing sheaf, then we have the estimate: \[ (\omega_{Ar}, \omega_{Ar})\geq (\omega_ a,\omega_ a) \geq 0. \] The first equality holds if and only if \(C\) is an elliptic curve, or a curve which has potentially good reduction at all non-archimedean places. The second equality holds if and only if there is a sequence \(\{x_ n\}\) of distinct algebraic points such that the Néron-Tate heights of \((2g-2) x_ n-\omega\) converges to 0. We also prove the Bogomolov conjecture for the embeddings \(j_ D: C\to J(C)\) which takes \(x\) to \(x-D\), where \(D\) is a divisor of \(C\) of degree 1 such that \((2g-2)D-\omega\) is not a torsion divisor. When \(C\) has potentially good reduction, partial results are obtained by \textit{L. Szpiro} in The Grothendieck Festschrift, Vol. III, Prog. Math. 88, 229-246 (1990; Zbl 0759.14018) and by the author in Ann. Math., II. Ser. 136, No. 3, 569-587 (1992; Zbl 0788.14017).