Two extensions of Hamburger's theorems (on the functional equation of the zeta-function) (Q690440)

The classical Hamburger's theorems [\textit{H. Hamburger}, Math. Z. 10, 240--254 (1921); ibid. 11, 224--245 (1921; JFM 48.1210.03); ibid. 13, 283--311 (1922; JFM 48.1213.02); Math Ann. 85, 129--140 (1922; JFM 48.1214.01)] assert first of all that a Dirichlet series which satisfies the functional equation of the \(\zeta\)-function and certain analytic conditions must be a multiple of \(\zeta(s)\). The present paper presents two types of extensions to these results. Let \[ \chi(s)=\frac{\pi^{-\frac{1-s}2}\Gamma(\frac{1-s}{2})}{\pi^{-\frac s 2}\Gamma(\frac s 2)} \] and \(g(s)=\chi(s)f(1-s)\). The first theorem of the author claims that if \(f(s)\) is the sum of a Dirichlet series which satisfies the functional equation of the Riemann \(\zeta\)-function and certain analytic conditions, weaker than the original conditions of Hamburger, for example \(g(s)\) is not necessarily a Dirichlet series, then \(f(s)\) must be a finite linear combination of \(\zeta(s),\,\zeta(s\pm 2),\,\zeta(s\pm 4),\ldots\). In a corollary the author can deduce that \(f(s)\) is a multiple of \(\zeta(s)\) if \(g(s)\) satisfies an extra analytic condition. A later Hamburger's result, encompassing his first theorem, deals with \(f(s)\) being a Dirichlet series and \(g(s)\) this time being a general Dirichlet series. The author extends this in the second and third theorem of the present paper by considering \(f(s)\) and \(g(s)\) being both general Dirichlet series. The modification of the analytic conditions on \(f(s)\) and \(g(s)\) and the proofs are based on the correspondence between moderate meromorphic functions with functional equation and tempered distributions described earlier by the author in [Ann. Inst. Fourier 57, No. 2, 525--602 (2007; Zbl 1177.11074)].