Subelliptic estimates for overdetermined systems of quadratic differential operators (Q690700)

In this very interesting paper, the author extends to the case of overdetermined systems (in the sense of \textit{P. Bolley} et al. [Commun. Partial Differ. Equations 7, 197--221 (1982; Zbl 0497.35086)]) of non-selfadjoint quadratic operators \(q_j^w(x,D)\) (the Weyl quantization of complex-valued quadratic forms \(q_j(x,\xi)\) in \((x,\xi)\in \mathbb{R}_x^n\times\mathbb{R}_\xi^n\)), \(1\leq j\leq N\), the result in the scalar case he obtained in [Am. J. Math. 133, No. 1, 39--89 (2011; Zbl 1257.47058)]. The main role there was played by the singular space associated with the quadratic operator, and in the paper under review he shows that the techniques there can be exploited to study (global) subellipticity also in this system-case. The subelliptic estimates obtained by the author are of the kind \[ \|(1+|x|^2+|D|^2)^{1-\delta}u\|_{L^2}\leq C\Bigl(\sum_{j=1}^N\|q_j^w(x,D)u\|_{L^2}+\|u\|_{L^2}\Bigr), \quad u\in\mathcal{S}, \] where \(\delta>0\) is the measure of loss of derivatives with respect to the elliptic case. He shows that the loss of derivatives \(\delta\) is characterized in terms of algebraic conditions on the Hamilton maps associated with the symbols \(q_j\). The results obtained here give also suggestions on the analysis of the more complex case of a square system of operators with quadratic symbols (a so-called non-commutative harmonic oscillator; see [\textit{A. Parmeggiani} and \textit{M. Wakayama}, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, No. 1, 26--30 (2001; Zbl 1065.81058); \textit{A. Parmeggiani}, Spectral theory of non-commutative harmonic oscillators: an introduction. Berlin: Springer (2010; Zbl 1200.35346)]), which is a topic of current interest.