Existence and upper semicontinuity of pullback attractors for Kirchhoff wave equations in time-dependent spaces (Q6912467)

In this paper, the authors investigate the existence and upper semicontinuity of pullback attractors for non-autonomous Kirchhoff wave equations with a strong damping in the time-dependent space \(X_t\). After deriving the existence and uniqueness of solutions by the Faedo-Galerkin approximation method, they establish the existence of pullback attractors. Later on, they prove the upper semicontinuity of pullback attractors between the Kirchhoff-type wave equations with $\delta\geq 0$ and the conventional wave equations with $\delta=0$ by a series of complex energy estimates.