On essential spectra of linear relations and quotient indecompos- able normed spaces (Q691265)

A Banach space \(X\) is called \textit{quotient indecomposable} (Q.I., for short) if no quotient of \(X\) admits a decomposition as a direct sum of two infinite-dimensional closed subspaces. The existence of nontrivial spaces in this class was shown by Gowers and Maurey, and the Fredholm theory for bounded operators between Banach spaces \(T: X \rightarrow Y\) is remarkably simple when \(Y\) is Q.I. This paper studies Fredholm theory for linear relations acting on a Q.I. normed space. Several notions of essential spectrum are introduced, and their closedness and non-emptiness are investigated. As an application, quotient indecomposable normed spaces are characterized, and conditions under which every linear relation on a complex Q.I. normed space is a strictly cosingular perturbation of a multiple of the identity are obtained.