Maximal functions, product condition and its eccentricity (Q692059)

Let \(d_1, d_2,\dots, d_k\in{\mathbb N}\), \(N:=\sum_{j=1}^kd_j\) and \[ \mathcal{P}:={\mathbb R}^{d_1}\times {\mathbb R}^{d_2}\times\cdots \times{\mathbb R}^{d_k}\approx{\mathbb R}^N. \] A rectangle in \({\mathcal P}\) is a product \(R:=B_1\times B_2\times\cdots \times B_k,\) where \(B_j\) is a Euclidean ball in \({\mathbb R}^{d_j}\). Denote by \({\mathcal R}\) the family of all such rectangles in \({\mathcal P}\). The eccentricity of \(R:=B_1\times B_2\times\cdots\times B_k\in\mathcal R\) is defined by \[ e(R):=\dfrac{\min_i{|B_i|}}{\max_j{|B_j|}}, \] where \(|B_j|\) is the Lebesgue measure of \(B_j\) in \({\mathbb R}^{d_j}\). For \(\delta\in(0, 1]\), define the restricted class \[ \mathcal R^\delta:=\{R\in \mathcal R:\;\;e(R)\geq \delta\}. \] Notice that \(\mathcal R^\delta\subseteq \mathcal R^\eta\) for \(0<\eta\leq \delta\) and \(\mathcal R=\cup_{\delta>0}\mathcal R^\delta\). The Muckenhoupt class \(A_p(\mathcal R^\delta)\), \(p\in(1, \infty)\), is defined to be the family of locally integrable weights \(\omega: {\mathbb R}^N\to {\mathbb R}_+\) satisfying \[ [\omega]_{A_p(\mathcal R^\delta)}:= \sup_{R\in\mathcal R^\delta}\left\{\frac1{|R|} \int_R\omega(x)\,dx\cdot\left[\dfrac1{|R|}\int_R[\omega(x)]^{-p'/p}\,dx\right]^{p/p'}\right\}<\infty, \] where \(1/p+1/p'=1\). Let \(\omega: {\mathbb R}^N\to {\mathbb R}_+\) be a locally integrable weight. The authors show that for \(p\in(1, \infty)\), the following conditions are equivalent: (i) \(\omega\in A_p(\mathcal R)\); (ii) \(\sup_{\delta>0}[\omega]_{A_p(\mathcal R^\delta)}<\infty\); (iii) \(\omega\) satisfies condition \(S_\delta\) with constant \(c\) independent of \(\delta\), that is, for any finite doubling sequence \(\{R^k_j\}_{(j,\,k)\in H}\subset\mathcal R^\delta,\) \(H\subseteq {\mathbb Z}\times{\mathbb Z}\), there exists a double sequence of pairwise disjoint sets \(\{E^k_j\}_{(j,\,k)\in H }\) such that \[ E^k_j\subseteq R^k_j\;\;\mathrm{for}\, \, (j, k)\in H, \] \[ \sum_{k\in{\mathbb Z}}2^{kp}\omega\left(\bigcup_{j\in{\mathbb Z}}R^k_j\right)\leq c\sum_{k\in{\mathbb Z}}2^{kp}\omega\left(\bigcup_{j\in{\mathbb Z}}E^k_j\right), \] \[ \left\|\sum_{j,\,k\in{\mathbb Z}}2^{k(p-1)}\frac{\omega(E^k_j)}{|R^k_j|}\chi_{R^k_j}\right\|_{L_{p'}(\omega^{-1/(p-1)})} \leq c\left(\sum_{k\in{\mathbb Z}}2^{kp}\omega\left(\bigcup_{j\in{\mathbb Z}}R^k_j\right)\right)^{1/p'} ; \] (iv) there exists a nonnegative constant \(C(p, \omega)\) such that for any \(\delta>0\), \[ \|M_\delta f\|_{L_p(\omega)}\leq C(p, \omega)\|f\|_{L_p(\omega)}, \] where for \(\delta\in(0, 1]\), \(f\in L^1_{\text{loc}}({\mathbb R}^N)\) and \(x\in {\mathbb R}^N\), the maximal function \(M_\delta f(x)\) is defined by \[ M_\delta f(x):=\sup_{R\in\mathcal R^\delta,\, R\ni x}\frac1{|R|}\int_R|f(y)|\,dy; \] (v) there exists a nonnegative constant \(C(p, \omega)\) such that \[ \|Mf\|_{L_p(\omega)}\leq C(p, \omega)\|f\|_{L_p(\omega)}, \] where for \(f\in L^1_{\text{loc}}({\mathbb R}^N)\) and \(x\in{\mathbb R}^N\), the maximal function \(M f(x)\) is defined by \[ Mf(x):=\sup_{R\in\mathcal R,\,R\ni x}\frac1{|R|}\int_R|f(y)|\,dy. \]