Levi-flat filling of real two-spheres in symplectic manifolds. II (Q692777)

The authors study Levi-flat fillings of 2-spheres in symplectic manifolds with tamed almost complex structures. In Part I of this paper [Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Math. (6) 20, No. 3, 515--539 (2011; Zbl 1242.53107)], they considered the case of real two-spheres with no hyperbolic complex points, i.e., with precisely two elliptic points. Here, they address the case with hyperbolic points and prove the following statement. Let \((M, J, \omega)\) be a compact almost complex manifold of complex dimension \(2\) with a taming symplectic form \(\omega\) and with a smooth boundary \(\partial M\) that contains an embedded real \(2\)-sphere \(S^2\). Assume that a) there is no compact \(J\)-complex sphere in \(M\); b) the boundary \(\partial M\) of \(M\) is a smooth Levi-convex hypersurface containing no germ of a non-constant \(J\)-holomorphic disc; c) \(S^2\) has only elliptic or {good} hyperbolic complex points and \(\partial M\) is strictly Levi convex in a neighbourhood of every hyperbolic point (an hyperbolic point is called \textit{good} if it satisfies certain additional technical conditions). Then, after some arbitrarily small \({\mathcal C}^2\)-deformation near hyperbolic points, there exists a Levi-flat hypersurface \(\Gamma \subset M\), foliated by \(J\)-holomorphic discs attached to \(S^2\), whose boundary is \(S^2\). Conditions (a) and (b) are essentially inevitable if one does not want appearances of spheres or disk bubbles while he attempts to extend a local filling of \(S^2\) by boundaries of pseudoholomorphic discs. Condition (c) is a technical assumption, which is conjectured to be removable and which is, however, non-disturbing for various applications.