A direct proof of a generalized Harish-Chandra isomorphism (Q692790)

Let \({\mathfrak{g}}\) be a reductive complex Lie algebra of rank \(r\) and fix a decomposition \({\mathfrak{g}}={\mathfrak{n}}_-\oplus\mathfrak{t}\oplus{\mathfrak{n}}_+\), where \(\mathfrak{t}\) is a Cartan subalgebra, and \({\mathfrak{n}}_-,{\mathfrak{n}}_+\) are the nilpotent nilradicals of two opposite Borel subalgebras containing \(\mathfrak{t}\). Let \(\Delta\subset{\mathfrak{t}}^{\ast}\) be the root system of \({\mathfrak{g}}\), and \(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_r\) be simple roots with coroots \(H_i=\alpha_i^{\vee}\in{\mathfrak{t}}\). Let \(E_i,H_i,F_i\) be the corresponding \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\)-triple for each \(i=1,\dots,r\) and \({\mathfrak{g}}_i\) be the \(\mathfrak{sl}_2\)-subalgebra generated by this triple. Let \(W\) be the Weyl group of \(\Delta\) and \(s_1,\dots,s_r\) the simple reflections. Let \(G\) be a connected reductive complex algebraic group with \(Lie(G)={\mathfrak{g}}\), and \(V\) a locally finite \(G\)-module. Set \(M=U({\mathfrak{g}})\otimes V\). Considering the appropriate actions, \(M\) decomposes into a direct sum of \(U({\mathfrak{t}})\)-bimodules \(M=U({\mathfrak{t}})\otimes V\oplus({\mathfrak{n}}_-M+M{\mathfrak{n}}_+)\). Taking \(Z=M/({\mathfrak{n}}_-M+M{\mathfrak{n}}_+)\), the previous decomposition implies that \(Z\) is identified with \(U({\mathfrak{t}})\otimes V (\ast)\). Consider the set \(\mathcal{S}=\{H_\alpha+k/\alpha\in\Delta,k\in\mathbb{Z}\}\). If \(\overline{U({\mathfrak{g}})}, \overline{U({\mathfrak{t}})}\) are the fields of fractions of \(U({\mathfrak{g}}), U({\mathfrak{t}}) \) w.r.t. \(\mathcal{S}\), set \(\overline{M}=\overline{U({\mathfrak{g}})}\otimes V\). A similar decomposition to \((\ast)\) holds also for \(\overline{Z}:=\overline{M}/(\mathfrak n_-\overline{M}+\overline{M}\mathfrak n_+)\), namely \(\overline{Z}\) is identified with \(\overline{U({\mathfrak{t}})}\otimes V\). Khoroskin, Nazarov and Vinberg proved a generalized Harish-Chandra Isomorphism \(\gamma: M^G\longrightarrow Z\) showing that this map is injective and that its image is \(Q:=\{z\in Z^0/\xi_i(z)=z,\;i=1,\dots,r\}\) where \(Z^0\subset Z\hookrightarrow \overline{Z} \) is the zero weight space w.r.t the adjoint \({\mathfrak{t}}\)-action. The author provides a direct proof based on the computation of certain determinants analogous to those of Parthasarathy, Ranga Rao and Varadarajan, using Zhelobenko operators and so bypasses the graded and geometric considerations of the first proof.